DetoxificationEveryday exposure to a host of chemicals from our environment, from our diet, from our lifestyle, from medication or even chemicals we produce from a multitude of natural biological processes within the body, need to be expelled before they can cause us problems. This is the process of detoxification and it is usually in two parts or phases: Phase 1 detoxification and phase 2 detoxification. Phase 1 detoxification – Also called hydroxylation, it is the process of converting a chemical which is not water soluble and therefore not easily carried in the blood – water based, and making it available for binding with a water soluble molecule to help with its eventual excretion.
The enzymes which carry out phase 1 detoxification are controlled by a set of genes called cytochrome p450 and p448. This naturally means that some people who have a variation of these genes would be more susceptible than others to certain chemicals. A prime example of this susceptibility is in the detoxification of the most widely used pain killer of recent times: paracetamol or acetaminophen. 10-15% of the general population have a variant of cytochrome p450 which could become life threatening from taking the normal dose of this drug - 2-4 tablets 2-3 times per day. In fact this reaction happens to be the most common non trauma emergency in hospitals. Phase 2 detoxification – Also called conjugation and is the continuation process to phase 1 detoxification. The resultant chemical is combined with another water soluble molecule rendering it harmless which is then finally expelled from the body in the urine.
The process of conjugation is a straightforward chemical reaction using molecules such as sulphates (sulphation), a methyl group (methylation), a glucoronate (glucoronidation) and so on. All these essential chemicals for conjugation or phase 2 detoxification are obtained from a healthy balanced diet and especially from fresh fruits and vegetables.
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